7) Past Perfect

7) Past Perfect

FORMULA

VERBAL  :

(+) S+had+v3+0

(-) S+had+not+v3+o

(?) Had+s+v3+o+?

Ex :

(+) he had spoken English

(-) he had not spoken English

(?) Had he spoken English?

Note :

(*) T.M.    :

  » after          : setelah/sesudah

  » as soon as     : segera setelah

  » until/till       : hingga

  » before         : sebelum

  » when etc……   : ketika dll……

(*)function  :

  » menyatakan kegiatan yang sudah selesai di masa lampau.

(*) had not » hadn’t

(*) the formula when, before and after :

   » past perfect+ when + simple past

   » past perfect+ before + simple past

   » Simple past + after + past perfect

Ex :

» I had studied when I bought a pen yesterday

» you had pulled before you pushed the door

» we went to Bali after we had gotten examination in my course

Q.W. :

beautiful girl had spoken your English

 a          b         c       d     e

a. adj              » which+noun+had+V3+O+?

                 which girl had spoken your English?

b. S         » Q.W.+Had+V3+O+?

                Who had spoken your English?

c. V         » Q.W.+Had+S+done+?

                What had beautiful girl done?

d. poss.adj » Whose+noun+Had+S+V3+?

                 Whose English had beautiful girl spoken?

e. O         » Q.W.+Had+S+V3+?

                 What had beautiful girl spoken?

Nominal  :

(+) S+had+been+3 com (A.N.A)

(-) S+had+not+been+3 com (A.N.A)

(?) Had+s+been+3 com (A.N.A)+?

Ex :

(+) I had been clever

(-) I hadn’t been clever

(?) Had I been clever?