AUXILIARY
( kata pembantu )
1) PRIMARY AUXILIARY
2) MODAL AUXILIARY
1) PRIMARY AUXILIARY
Primary dasar tdk memiliki arti :
| P.A | Present | Past | Past participle (V3) | Present participle (Ving) |
| Be | Am/is/are | Was/were | Been | Being |
| Do | Do/does | Did | - | - |
| Have | Have/has | Had | - | - |
Modal auxiliary dengan makna yg berbeda :
v Can :
Ø Modal : dapat
Ø Verb : mengalengi
Ø Noun : kaleng
e.g. she can can a fish into a can
M V N
Meaning : Dia(pr) dapat mengalengi sebuah ikan ke dalam sebuah kaleng
v Dare :
Ø Modal : berani
Ø Verb : menentang
Ø Noun : tantangan
e.g. Mr. Dare dare dare dare
M V N
Meaning : Mr.Dare berani melawan tantangan
v Need :
Ø Modal : perlu/butuh
Ø Verb : membutuhkan
Ø Noun : kebutuhan
e.g. this is our need
N
Meaning : ini kebutuhan kita
2) MODAL AUXILIARY
Di bagi menjadi 14 namun ada tambahan lain :
| NO | MODAL | SMILIAR |
| 1 | Can | Be able to |
| 2 | Could | Be able to |
| 3 | May | Be allowed |
| 4 | Might | Be allowed |
| 5 | Will | Be going to |
| 6 | Shall | Be going to |
| 7 | Would | Used to |
| 8 | Should | Ought to/be supposed |
| 9 | Need | - |
| 10 | Dare | - |
| 11 | Must | Have to/has to/had to |
| 12 | Have to | Must |
| 13 | Has to | Must |
| 14 | Had to | Must |
| 15 | Used to | - |
| 16 | Be used to | - |
| 17 | Get used to | - |
| 18 | Will get used to | - |
| 19 | Had better | - |
Note :
The role of modal auxiliary :
- Modal auxiliary harus di ikuti infinitife (V1) tanpa ; to,s/es,V2,V3.
- Untuk membuat kalimat pertanyaan langsung letakan modal sebelum subject
- Di dalam satu kalimat di larang ada “2” modal murni maka kita membutuhkan smilar modal (persamaan modal)
The meaning of modal Aux (auxiliary) :
a) Can :
I. Menyatakan ke sanggupan
e.g. I can speak english
II. Larangan (prohibition)
e.g. I can’t cook rice
III. Menyatakan permintaan izin ( permission)
e.g. can I help you!
IV. Kemungkinan (possibility)
e.g. I can be tired
b) Could :
I. Bentuk past dari “can”
e.g. I could listen the music
II. Permintaan yg lebih sopan
e.g. could you open the door !
III. Keyakinan
e.g. I could do it without you
IV. Kemungkinan
e.g. he could be very busy
c) May :
Dalam bentuk negative (-) may tdk boleh di singkat”mayn’t”
Tetapi may not.
e.g. (+) I may do it
(-) I may not do it
(?) May I do it?
I. Permintaan
e.g. may I borrow your pen !
II. Do’a/harapan(wish)
e.g. may our God bless us
III. Larangan (prohibition)
e.g. you may not come here again
IV. Kemungkinan (possibility)
e.g. you may be happy
Ada 2 dalam penulisan : May be : dalam modal
for speaking/perhaps :Maybe : dalam
d) Might :
I. Bentuk past dari “may”
e.g. I might visit you
II. Memperbolehkan
e.g. you might go home because you are sick
e) Will :
I. Be going to { be(am,is,are) }
e.g. I am going to call you
I can be going to call you
II. Permintaan/penawaran
e.g. will you accompany me in my birth day !
f) Shall :
I. Akan seperti “will” di dalam bentuk future tetapi “shall” hanya untuk subject : I & we
e.g. I shall go to surabaya
II. Menawarkan bantuan
e.g. shall I open the window !
III. Janji (promise)
e.g. I shall meet her ( saya janji ketemu dia pr)
g) Would :
I. Bentuk past “will”
e.g. I would introduce to you
II. Meminta permintaan yg sopan (sudikah)
e.g. would you give me help !
III. Jika di tambah dengan “like” berubah menjadi “hastrat/keinginan”
Formula: S+Would Like+To+O
e.g. I would like to deliver my speech
IV. Jika di tambah “rather” (lebih suka)
Formula: S+Would Rather+V1+O+Than+V1+O
e.g. I would rather drink milk than drink tea
h) Should
I. Bentuk past dari “shall”
e.g. I should make a cake
II. Anjuran (suggestion)
e.g. you should go to doctor
III. Seharusnya di lakukan (ought to)
e.g. we should study hard
IV. Suatu ke harusan yg harusnya di lakukan tapi tidak di lakukan
Formula: S+Should/Ought to+have+V1+O
e.g. you should have come here
You ought to have prepare everything
i) Need :
I. Modal : perlu/butuh
II. Verb : membutuhkan
III. Noun : kebutuhan
e.g. this is our need
N
Meaning : ini kebutuhan kita
j) Dare :
I. Modal : berani
II. Verb : menentang
III. Noun : tantangan
e.g. Mr. Dare dare dare dare
M V N
Meaning : Mr.Dare berani melawan tantangan
k) Must
I. Harus/wajib (obligation)
Klw dalam bentuk negative must tdk boleh “mustn’t” tapi harus diganti “needn’t”
e.g. (+) I must do it
(-) I needn’t do it
(?) Must I do it?
II. “Smiliar” dari “must”
Have to, has to had to
Present Past
e.g. (+) I have to go to Surabaya
(-) I don’t have to go to Surabaya
(?) Do I have to go to Surabaya
Note : Have to : I, you, we, they : do
Has to : she, he, and it : does
l) Used to :
I. Past “biasa” did
Formula : S+Used To+V1+O
e.g. (+) I used to cry when I was child
(-) I didn’t used to cry when I was child
(?) did I used to when I was child ?
m) Be used to :
I. Present “terbiasa” am, is, are
Formula: S+Be Used To+Ving/noun
e.g. (+) I am used to doing my job
(-) I am not used to doing my job
(?) Am I used to doing my job?
n) Get used to :
I. Proses Present “menjadi terbiasa”
Formula: S+Get Used To+Ving/noun
e.g. (+) I get used to having you
(-) I don’t get used to having you
(?) Do I get used to having you?
o) Will get used to :
I. Future “akan menjadi terbiasa”
Formula: S+Will Get Used To+Ving/noun
e.g. (+) I will get used to doing it
(-) I will not get used to doing it
(?) Will I get used to doing it?
p) Had better :
I. Past “Lebih baik”
e.g. my job had better than your job
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